The ARM Cortex™-M4 processor is the latest embedded processor by ARM specifically developed to address digital signal control markets that demand an efficient, easy-to-use blend of control and signal processing capabilities. Features. High-efficiency signal processing. Low-power.

PIC microcontrollers (Programmable Interface Controllers), are electronic circuits that can be programmed to carry out a vast range of tasks. They can be programmed to be timers or to control a production line and much more.

AVR microcontrollers find many applications as embedded systems. They are especially common in hobbyist and educational embedded applications, popularized by their inclusion in many of the Arduino line of open hardware development boards.

A standard logic IC is a single, small, integrated package carrying basic components and common functionalities for a logic circuit. These ICs are core components of logic circuits.

Encoders are combinational logic circuits and they are exactly opposite of decoders. They accept one or more inputs and generate a multibit output code. Encoders perform exactly reverse operation than decoder. If a device output code has fewer bits than the input code has, the device is usually called an encoder.

purpose input/output (GPIO) expanders are a simple, cost-effective way to monitor and control several peripheral signals. They make it easy for designers to add extra I/O to their design and thereby free up the microprocessor's GPIO for other, more important functions.

Communication System – Multiplexer and Demultiplexer both are used in communication systems to carry out the process of data transmission. A De-multiplexer receives the output signals from the multiplexer; and, at the receiver end, it converts them back to the original form.

Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) are used to convert analog signals to digital signals. Inversely, the computer output that is in digital form must sometimes be converted to an analog signal prior to input to an electronic or electrical device. Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) are used to perform this operation.Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) are very important components in electronic equipment. Since most real-world signals are analog, these two converting interfaces are necessary to allow digital electronic equipment to process the analog signals.

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are semiconductor devices that are based around a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) connected via programmable interconnects. FPGAs can be reprogrammed to desired application or functionality requirements after manufacturing.

The motor driver IC is an integrated circuit chip used as a motor controlling device in autonomous robots and embedded circuits. L293D and ULN2003 are the most commonly used motor Driver IC that is used in simple robots and RC cars

The microprocessor is the central unit of a computer system that performs arithmetic and logic operations, which generally include adding, subtracting, transferring numbers from one area to another, and comparing two numbers. It's often known simply as a processor, a central processing unit, or as a logic chip.

RAM, which stands for random access memory, and ROM, which stands for read-only memory, are both present in your computer. RAM is volatile memory that temporarily stores the files you are working on. ROM is non-volatile memory that permanently stores instructions for your computer.

Cheap non mainstream microcontrollers for applications which can compromise the performance for cost.